Vegetation cover undergoes changes (expansion and contraction) over time, and contraction causes economic and environmental losses and damage. This study examines changes in vegetation cover and its classification from other cover types using the ArcGIS geographic information system and the adjusted vegetation variation index. Digital images captured by the American Landsat 7 satellite at different times in the years 2000, 2006, 2012, and 2018 were used.

Sustainable development has emerged as a central priority in India’s policy framework, particularly in alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, and the vision of Viksit Bharat @2047. In this context, Environmental Accounting (EA) plays a crucial role in integrating environmental concerns into economic decision-making. The primary objective of this study is to examine how environmental accounting can function as a strategic tool to support sustainable development in India by promoting transparency, accountability, and responsible resource utilization.

The Image-Based Food Recognition and Volume Estimation Artificial Intelligence System is designed to automatically identify food items and estimate their physical and nutritional properties using computer vision and machine learning techniques. The system utilizes image processing methods such as feature extraction, image segmentation, and scale estimation to analyze food images. The Bag of Features (BoF) technique is used to extract visual features, and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is applied to recognize different food categories including apple, banana, pizza, roti, and rice. The system also estimates food volume using geometric modeling and scale calibration, which is further used to approximate weight and calorie content.

The Indian Information Technology (IT) sector plays a pivotal role in the country’s economic growth, contributing significantly to employment generation, export earnings, and digital transformation. In this context, effective financial management becomes essential, particularly in balancing liquidity and profitability, two critical yet often conflicting financial objectives. This study empirically examines the liquidity–profitability trade-off in selected Indian IT companies to understand how short-term financial stability influences long-term earning capacity.