Ayurveda presents a sophisticated classification of therapeutic actions (Karma) based on functional pharmacodynamics rather than chemical composition alone. Digestive and eliminative therapies occupy a central position in this framework due to the primacy of Agni (digestive fire) and the pathological role of Āma (metabolic toxins). Classical texts describe graded categories of digestive stimulation, metabolic correction, doṣa pacification, and purificatory elimination. This review synthesizes eight major therapeutic classifications—Dīpana, Pācana, Saṃśamana, Saṃśodhana, Anulomana, Sraṃsana, Bhedana, and Rechana—into a unified academic discussion.