Ayurveda presents a sophisticated classification of therapeutic actions (Karma) based on functional pharmacodynamics rather than chemical composition alone. Digestive and eliminative therapies occupy a central position in this framework due to the primacy of Agni (digestive fire) and the pathological role of Āma (metabolic toxins). Classical texts describe graded categories of digestive stimulation, metabolic correction, doṣa pacification, and purificatory elimination. This review synthesizes eight major therapeutic classifications—Dīpana, Pācana, Saṃśamana, Saṃśodhana, Anulomana, Sraṃsana, Bhedana, and Rechana—into a unified academic discussion.

This study examined how students' favourite learning techniques affected their stress and social adjustment. Visual, auditory, and other teaching methods are increasingly used in modern education, requiring confirmation. Effective Visual Modality Assessment is a valuable current methodology. The quantitative research design measured learning style preferences, perceived stress, and social adjustment in 150 students from varied academic backgrounds using self-report questionnaires. Stress and social adjustment scores differed greatly between learning style groups. Visual and auditory learners were socially stable and mildly stressed. Kinaesthetic learners were more stressed and struggled with academic social connections.

The research paper has specifically concentrated on the role of digital libraries in the development of education in rural areas of India in terms of accessibility, digital inclusion, and feasibility. In this context, a qualitative research approach has been adopted through the implementation of a research methodology that is based on a review-based research approach. In addition to this, certain elements of policy analysis, secondary research analysis, and comparative analysis of library systems and training programs have been included in this research paper.

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 of India underscores a revolutionary educational vision, promoting learner-centric, holistic, and competency-based methodologies. This perspective is fundamentally based on the ideas of constructivism and experiential learning, which acknowledge learners as active contributors to knowledge creation rather than passive users. Constructivism emphasizes the significance of past knowledge, social interaction, and critical thinking in learning, whereas experiential learning focuses on reflection on tangible events to enhance creativity, problem-solving, and real-world relevance.

Work-life balance has become an essential factor in determining employee satisfaction, especially in the hospitality industry where employees face long working hours, irregular shifts, and high job demands. This study examines the relationship between work-life balance and employee satisfaction in the hospitality sector of Kolkata from a human resource perspective.

The hospitality industry has emerged as a significant source of employment and economic growth, particularly for underprivileged youth seeking accessible career opportunities. This study examines the role of educational initiatives and industry collaboration in promoting hospitality careers among disadvantaged youth in Hooghly District, West Bengal. The research explores how vocational training programs, skill development schemes, and short-term certification courses enhance employability by developing technical and soft skills required in the hospitality sector.

The literature of North East India occupies a distinctive place in Indian writing because it grows from a dense interaction among oral tradition, land-based memory, community ritual, colonial encounter, Christianity, indigenous cosmologies, and long histories of conflict. Within this literary field, women writers have made especially significant contributions by reshaping questions of identity, belonging, suffering, memory, and ethical endurance.

India’s Smart Cities Mission has been one of the country’s most visible urban policy initiatives, aiming to combine technological innovation, infrastructure modernization, and improved governance with better quality of life. In the Kolkata region, the most relevant Smart Cities Mission case is New Town Kolkata, a planned satellite township on the metropolitan fringe. This paper critically examines the extent to which the mission has advanced sustainability, inclusivity, and infrastructure development in the Kolkata context.

Parental consciousness plays a foundational role in human development because the family is the child’s first learning space and parents are the first interpreters of education, culture, discipline, and social life. In this paper, parental consciousness is understood as the degree to which parents are aware of, committed to, and intentionally engaged in their children’s educational, cultural, moral, emotional, and social development. The study argues that human development is strengthened when parents do not treat education as school attendance alone, but as a broader process of value formation, cultural transmission, reflective dialogue, emotional security, and social responsibility. Global evidence on early childhood development and parenting support consistently shows that responsive caregiving, early learning, and supportive family environments shape long-term developmental outcomes, while school-family partnership research shows that parental engagement is positively associated with academic, motivational, and socio-emotional adjustment.

The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main vector of transmission for dengue, an acute viral infection brought on by the dengue virus. From mild feverish illness to severe symptoms like dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, the disease spectrum is wide. For prompt clinical intervention and better patient outcomes, early detection of laboratory markers linked to illness severity is essential. In this article, a comparative analysis on serum IgE, PCV and liver function tests in dengue positive patients has been discussed.

A new kind of material with potential aspects on many uses is graphene-based polymer composites, which are attracting a lot of attention. This work demonstrated the effective synthesis of nanocomposite films based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and reinforced with hybrid nanofillers of graphene oxide (GO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) utilizing a simple solution casting approach. The wet chemical approach was used to create the GO-ZnO hybrid nanofillers, which were then mixed with the PVA matrix at concentrations of 1, 3, and 5 weight percent. Incorporating and evenly dispersing GO-ZnO nanofillers into the PVA matrix was verified by XRD findings.

Public library patronage patterns in the Paschim Bardhaman district of West Bengal are the focus of this analytical study. In this age of rapid technological advancement and plentiful digital information sources, reading comprehension, critical thinking, and information utilisation have become increasingly important. The main aim of this research is to examine the role of public libraries in facilitating efficient access to information, along with the habits, preferences, and challenges faced by library patrons in their quest for knowledge.

Themes of postmodernism and Indian youth alienation are central to this analysis of Upamanyu Chatterjee's literary works, which also delves into the author's use of narrative methods. The moral uncertainties, identity crises, cultural dislocation, and emotional instability experienced by contemporary metropolitan inhabitants are portrayed in Chatterjee's writings. Family breakdown, sexuality, corruption in government, and the erosion of traditional values are some of the topics he brings up in his books like English, August: An Indian Story.